《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》是在2004年印度尼西亚地震和海啸之后，东盟灾害管理委员会通过一系列会议，制定了《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》。

该协议以以下文件为基础:

• 《曼谷宣言》，1967年8月

• 《东盟便利搜索失事飞机和救援幸存者协定》，1972年4月

• 《东盟便利搜索遇险船舶和救援幸存者协定》，1975年5月

• 《巴厘宣言》，1976年2月

• 《东盟自然灾害互助宣言》，1976年6月

• 《东盟粮食安全储备协定》，1979年10月

• 《东南亚友好合作条约》，1998年

• 《联合国大会第46/182号决议》，1991年12月（联合国呼吁采用综合办法管理灾害并建设防灾文化）

• 《东盟烟霾污染跨境管理协议》，2002年6月

• 《联合国大会第57/578号决议》，2002年12月（联合国鼓励加强备灾和救灾方面的区域和次区域合作）

• 《第二巴厘宣言》，2003年10月

• 《东盟灾害管理区域方案》（2004~2010年），2003年12月

• 《万象行动纲领》（2004~2010年），2004年11月

• 《关于加强地震和海啸灾后紧急救援、恢复、重建和预防工作的行动宣言》，2004年12月

• 《联合国大会第59/279号决议》，2005年1月（联合国对印度尼西亚地震和海啸的响应，即紧急救援、恢复、重建和预防）

• 《兵库宣言》和《兵库行动框架》，2005年1月

《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》是与《兵库行动框架》相关的世界上第一个具有法律约束力的文件，该协议制定了东盟成员国在请求和提供救灾援助时的区域政策、行动和后勤管理机制。但《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》既没有制定具体目标作为成功执行的衡量标准，也没有任何强制遵守的机制。该协议致力于促进成员国在减灾、防灾、备灾、救灾恢复和复原方面的工作。

《2005-2015年兵库行动框架:建立国家和社区的抗灾能力》，促进以战略性和系统性的方法来描述危害特征，把握易受各种危害影响的脆弱点和危害后果，以及相应减灾措施。它强调了建设国家和社区抗灾能力的必要性，并确定了建设抗灾能力的方式。《兵库行动框架》是东盟在制定《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》过程中参考的重要政策依据。

《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》确定了以下六个总体目标:

• 加强东盟能力建设，在区域内开展有效和高效的预警、监测、备灾、灾害响应和减灾工作，在区域和国家两级建立支持性政策、系统、计划、程序、机制以及体制和法律框架。

• 加强人道主义援助和应急协调，通过共同执行行动程序和机制，迅速调动资源，对重大灾害作出高效、及时和可靠的响应。

• 通过提供灾害管理、减灾和应急响应的能力发展和培训计划，加强成员国的技术和机构能力；通过利用各种共享和学习模式积极交流知识、经验和专业技术；以及通过加强信息和数据共享，提高综合备灾和减灾能力。

• 协助成员国并促进区域合作，将减灾纳入国家发展政策、计划和部门方案中，制定和执行有利于气候变化适应和可持续发展的减灾措施。

• 与伙伴组织、国际组织、民间社会组织、学术界、军方和联合国专门机构等建立更密切的伙伴关系，并在备灾、救灾、减灾和恢复与重建方面采取更多的协作举措。

• 支持以社区为基础的灾害管理办法，提高东盟各国人民的灾害意识，深化安全和抗灾文化。

支持以上总体目标的四个战略组成部分是:风险评估、预警和监测，预防和减灾，备灾和响应，灾后恢复。东盟介绍了支持这些战略组成部分的六个基本要素，使《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》更加制度化，六要素包括伙伴关系战略，资源调动，外展服务与主流化，培训与知识管理，信息管理，和通信技术。

《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》工作计划确定了31个执行优先事项，确立了对总体目标和战略组成部分的支持。这些优先事项进一步分为第一阶段的14个重点计划和第二阶段的17个补充计划。

《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》由11个部分组成：

• 总则

• 灾害风险识别、评估与监测

• 防灾与减灾

• 备灾

• 应急响应

• 重建

• 技术合作与科研

• 东盟人道主义援助协调中心

• 制度管理安排

• 规程

• 最终条款

   

ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response. Following the 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia, the ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management, through a series of meetings, developed the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response.

The agreement is based on the following documents:

• Bangkok Declaration, August 1967

• ASEAN Agreement to Facilitate Search for Aircraft Crashes and Rescue of Survivors, April 1972

• ASEAN Agreement to Facilitate Search of Ships in Distress and Rescue of Survivors, May 1975

• Bali Declaration, February 1976

• ASEAN Declaration on Mutual Assistance in Natural Disasters, June 1976

• ASEAN Food Security Reserve Agreement, October 1979

• Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia, 1998

• United Nations General Assembly resolution 46/182, December 1991 (United Nations calls for an integrated approach to disaster management and a culture of prevention)

• ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Management of Haze Pollution, June 2002

• United Nations General Assembly resolution 57/578, December 2002 (United Nations encourages greater regional and subregional cooperation in disaster preparedness and response)

• Bali Declaration II, October 2003

• ASEAN Regional Programme on Disaster Management (2004-2010), December 2003

• Vientiane Action Programme (2004-2010), November 2004

• Declaration on Action to Strengthen Earthquake and Tsunami Emergency Relief, Rehabilitation, Reconstruction and Prevention, December 2004

• United Nations General Assembly resolution 59/279, January 2005 (United Nations response to the Indonesian earthquake and tsunami, i.e. Emergency relief, rehabilitation, reconstruction and prevention)

• Hyogo Declaration and Hyogo Framework for Action, January 2005

The ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response, the world's first legally binding document related to the Hyogo Framework for Action, sets out the regional policy, operational and logistical management mechanisms for ASEAN member countries in requesting and providing disaster relief assistance. However, the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response does not set specific targets as a measure of successful implementation, nor does it have any mechanism to enforce compliance.The agreement aims to promote the work of member countries in disaster mitigation, prevention, preparedness, relief, recovery and rehabilitation.

The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters promotes a strategic and systematic approach to hazard characterization, vulnerability to hazards and consequences, and mitigation measures. It emphasizes the need to build the resilience of nations and communities and identifies ways to do so. The Hyogo Framework for Action is an important policy basis for ASEAN in the process of formulating the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response.

The ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response identifies the following six overarching objectives:

• Enhance ASEAN capacity-building for effective and efficient early warning, monitoring, preparedness, response and mitigation of disasters in the region, with supportive policies, systems, plans, procedures, mechanisms and institutional and legal frameworks at the regional and national levels.

• Humanitarian assistance and emergency response coordination should be strengthened through the common implementation of operational procedures and mechanisms for the rapid mobilization of resources and an efficient, timely and reliable response to major disasters.

• To strengthen the technical and institutional capacity of member countries through the provision of capacity development and training programmes in disaster management, mitigation and emergency response; to actively exchange knowledge, experience and expertise through the use of various sharing and learning modalities; and to enhance integrated disaster preparedness and mitigation capacity through enhanced information and data sharing.

• To assist member States and promote regional cooperation in integrating disaster risk reduction into national development policies, plans and sectoral programmes and in developing and implementing disaster risk reduction measures for climate change adaptation and sustainable development.

• Closer partnerships with partner organizations, international organizations, civil society organizations, academia, the military and United Nations specialized agencies, among others, and more collaborative initiatives in disaster preparedness, response, mitigation and recovery and reconstruction.

• Support a community-based approach to disaster management to enhance disaster awareness and deepen a culture of safety and resilience among the people of ASEAN countries.

The four strategic components supporting the above overall objective are: risk assessment, early warning and monitoring, prevention and mitigation, disaster preparedness and response, and post-disaster recovery. ASEAN institutionalized the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response by introducing six essential elements to support these strategic components, including partnership strategy, resource mobilization, outreach and mainstreaming, training and knowledge management, information management, and communication technology.

The work plan of the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response identifies 31 implementation priorities and establishes support for the overall objectives and components of the strategy. These priorities are further divided into 14 priority plans in the first phase and 17 supplementary plans in the second phase.

The ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response consists of 11 parts:

• General provisions

• Disaster risk identification, assessment and monitoring

• Disaster prevention and reduction

• Disaster Preparedness

• Emergency Response

• Rebuild

• Technical Cooperation and Scientific Research

• ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance

• Institutional Management Arrangement

• Regulation

• Final Terms and Conditions