近日，应急管理部会同工业和信息化部、自然资源部、住房城乡建设部、交通运输部、水利部、农业农村部、卫生健康委、统计局、气象局、银保监会、粮食和储备局、林草局、中国红十字会总会、国铁集团等部门和单位，对2022年5月全国自然灾害情况进行了会商分析。5月份，我国自然灾害以洪涝、风雹、地质灾害为主，干旱、低温冷冻、地震、森林火灾等也有不同程度发生。各种自然灾害共造成599.9万人次受灾，因灾死亡失踪49人，紧急转移安置9.2万人次；倒塌房屋1000余间，严重损坏1700余间，一般损坏9700余间；农作物受灾面积552.5千公顷；直接经济损失77.6亿元。与近5年同期均值相比，受灾人次、因灾死亡失踪人数、倒塌房屋数量和直接经济损失分别下降52%、11%、81%和36%。
5月份全国自然灾害主要特点有：
一、南方地区遭遇强降雨过程，局地遭受洪涝和地质灾害
5月份，全国面降雨量68毫米，与常年同期基本持平，西南、华南等地偏多，北方大部地区偏少。南方地区出现4次区域性暴雨过程。其中，5月9日–14日，南方地区出现今年以来最强降雨过程，影响范围广、持续时间长、累计雨量大、局地雨势强，本轮洪涝过程共造成广东、广西、湖南等8省（区、市）105万人受灾，31万人紧急避险转移，200余间房屋倒塌，直接经济损失16亿元。5月下旬，云南文山、曲靖等地因强降雨引发洪涝灾害，造成9人死亡失踪。总体上，5月份洪涝灾害造成15省（区、市）252万人次受灾，因灾死亡失踪10人，倒塌房屋1000余间，直接经济损失50.9亿元。与近5年同期均值相比，受灾人次、因灾死亡失踪人数、倒塌房屋数量分别下降14%、52%、71%，直接经济损失上升35%。此外，强降雨引发局地崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害，主要集中在西南、中南、华东等地。
二、强对流天气过程偏少，四川青海等地雷击造成人员伤亡
5月份，全国共出现4次强对流天气过程，数量少于近5年同期和去年同期。从影响范围看，北方地区主要集中在东北、西北等地，南方地区集中在四川、贵州、云南等西南山区。从灾害损失看，主要集中在农林业损失，甘肃、陕西、贵州、云南等局地雷暴大风和冰雹天气造成部分经济林果作物受灾、农业大棚受损。四川、青海等地雷击造成14人死亡。总体上，5月份风雹灾害造成甘肃、陕西、云南等16省（市）111万人次受灾，因灾死亡18人，农作物受灾面积155千公顷，直接经济损失18亿元。
三、华北、黄淮、东北局地气象干旱持续，对农业生产影响有限
5月份，西南地区出现多次降雨过程，前期四川、云南等地旱情基本解除。华北大部、东北西南部、黄淮、西北东部等地部分地区因温高少雨，气象干旱持续，内蒙古、山东、陕西、辽宁等省（区）旱情持续。据会商研判，去冬今春黄淮海地区和东北地区降水偏多，土壤底墒较好，加之大部地区灌溉条件好，农业干旱轻于气象干旱，仅局地没有灌溉条件的农作物轻度受旱，对春播作物出苗和冬小麦灌浆成熟影响总体有限。
四、低温冷冻灾害对西北、西南地区造成影响，森林草原火灾起数下降
5月份，我国出现2次冷空气过程，主要影响西北、西南地区。其中，5月6日–8日寒潮过程影响范围广、降温幅度大，东北大部、华北、西北东部及河南、山东等地最大降温幅度达8℃以上；5月13日–14日，甘肃、陕西至四川一带出现大范围冷空气过程，部分经济作物、林果作物遭受霜冻，直接经济损失近3亿元。据初步统计，5月份全国发生森林火灾22起，主要发生在黑龙江、辽宁、内蒙古、广西、甘肃，森林火灾起数较近5年同期均值下降79%；发生草原火灾2起。
五、大陆地区未发生5级以上地震，无人员伤亡
5月份，我国大陆地区未发生5级以上地震，发生4级以上地震4次，分别为5月5日内蒙古阿拉善4.0级、5月8日四川北川县4.1级、5月20日四川汉源县4.8级和5月26日西藏安多县4.8级地震。其中，5月20日四川汉源县4.8级地震造成2100人受灾，200余间房屋不同程度损坏，直接经济损失1200余万元；其余几次地震均未造成明显灾害损失。
Recently, the Ministry of Emergency Management, together with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Health Commission, the Bureau of Statistics, the China Meteorological Administration, the CBRC, the Food and Reserves Administration, the Forestry and Grass Administration, the Red Cross Society of China, the China Railway Group and other departments and units, The national natural disaster situation in May 2022 was analyzed by consultation. In May, China's natural disasters are mainly floods, hail, geological disasters, drought, cryogenic freezing, earthquake, forest fires, etc., also occurred to varying degrees. Natural disasters affected 5.999 million people, left 49 dead and missing, and relocated 92,000 people. More than 1,000 houses collapsed, more than 1,700 were seriously damaged, and more than 9,700 were generally damaged; 552.5 thousand hectares of crops were affected; The direct economic loss was 7.76 billion yuan. Compared with the average of the same period in the past five years, the number of people affected by disasters, the number of dead and missing, the number of collapsed houses and direct economic losses decreased by 52%, 11%, 81% and 36%, respectively.
The main features of natural disasters in May were as follows:
First, the southern region suffered heavy rainfall process, local floods and geological disasters
In May, the national rainfall was 68 mm, almost the same as in the same period of the year. The rainfall was more in southwest and South China, but less in most parts of north China. Four regional rainstorm processes occurred in southern China. Among them, May 9-14, southern region appears since this year the strongest rainfall process, influence range, long duration, the accumulative rainfall is large, strong local rain, the flood process in guangdong, guangxi, hunan and other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) 8 affected 1.05 million people and 310000 people in emergency actions, more than 200 houses, direct economic loss of 1.6 billion yuan. In late May, heavy rains triggered floods in Wenshan and Qujing cities in Yunnan province, leaving nine people dead and missing. Overall, floods in May affected 2.52 million people in 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), leaving 10 people dead and missing, collapsing more than 1,000 houses and causing a direct economic loss of 5.09 billion yuan. Compared with the average of the same period in the past five years, the number of people affected by disasters, the number of dead and missing, and the number of collapsed houses decreased by 14%, 52%, and 71% respectively, and the direct economic losses increased by 35%. In addition, heavy rainfall caused geological disasters such as local collapses, landslides and mud-rock flows, mainly in southwest, south-central and east China.
Second, severe convection weather process is less, sichuan, Qinghai and other places caused by lightning casualties
In May, there were four severe convective weather processes in China, fewer than the same period in the past five years and last year. From the perspective of the scope of influence, the northern region is mainly concentrated in the northeast and northwest regions, while the southern region is concentrated in the mountainous areas of southwest China such as Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces. From the point of view of disaster loss, mainly concentrated in agriculture and forestry loss, gansu, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other local thunderstorm gale and hail weather caused part of economic forest fruit crop disaster, agricultural greenhouse damage. Lightning strikes killed 14 people in Sichuan and Qinghai provinces. Overall, hailstorms in May affected 1.11 million people in gansu, Shaanxi, Yunnan and other 16 provinces (cities), resulting in 18 deaths, 155 thousand hectares of crops affected, and a direct economic loss of 1.8 billion yuan.
