2022年3月3日，由生态环境部对外合作与交流中心/中国—东盟环境保护合作中心（以下简称中心）主办的中国—东盟区域发展倡议下气候与生物多样性合作座谈会以线上线下相结合形式召开。来自联合国环境规划署、联合国儿童基金会、中国国际问题研究院、外交学院等国际组织和相关研究机构代表参加座谈。会议围绕中国—东盟环境合作框架下应对气候变化与红树林保护及可持续利用、气候适应城市与低碳发展、区域海洋减塑等重点议题进行了深入交流与讨论。
相关专家观点摘编如下：
王 茜 联合国环境规划署
在中国—东盟环境合作过程中，中心始终秉持开放态度，充分吸纳各方建议，对此表示高度赞扬。中国—东盟优先合作领域与全球重点环境议题高度契合，并取得务实合作进展，有力推动了全球及区域环境治理进程。联合国环境规划署在亚太地区围绕应对气候变化领域，如低碳社区、基于自然解决方案等方面已开展了相关工作，未来希望继续与中心共同推动中国—东盟框架下的务实环境合作。
张琰 联合国儿童基金会
2021年，联合国儿童基金会与中心在中国—东盟环境合作论坛期间，共同开展了青年领导力、亚非青年对话等活动，为青年发声提供了平台。应对气候变化作为中国—东盟区域重要环境议题，未来可以重点围绕基于自然的气候解决方案进行项目设计，通过在气候脆弱地区开展气候智慧学校、气候韧性社区试点，进一步推动气候适应创新网络建设，提升儿童和青年的意识和能力。
刘 卿 中国国际问题研究院
中国—东盟合作作为南南合作典范，2021年提升为全面战略伙伴关系，给中国—东盟合作带来新的机遇，同时如何夯实战略关系是未来合作的工作重点。全球许多国家也在推动与东盟的合作进程，如美国的印太战略。下一步我们应当充分利用好已有的环境合作机制及良好的合作基础，将能源、经贸等更多领域融入进来，全方位，多层次的推进中国—东盟合作，提升全球影响力。
郭延军 外交学院亚洲研究所
应对气候变化与生态环境保护问题不是单一存在的，在双碳目标背景下，东盟国家与中国面临相似的经济发展与环境保护问题，给双方进一步合作带来更多的可能性。中国与东盟环境合作作为落实中国—东盟全面战略伙伴关系的重要平台，未来需要继续深化双方在应对气候变化、生物多样性保护及海洋减塑等重点领域的务实合作。
韩国义 斯德哥尔摩环境研究所
中国与东盟环境合作领域与全球及区域重点环境议题高度契合，斯德哥尔摩环境研究所一直支持并将继续与中心共同推动中国—东盟环境合作框架下新一期战略合作。应对气候变化工作，既要从区域角度，也要考虑国家实际目标，实施因地制宜的措施，推动气候转型与生物多样性保护、空气质量改善协同增效。
苗 红 世界资源研究所
在基础设施海外投资过程中需要将环境、气候与生物多样性的影响纳入投资框架，快速识别其影响，同时开发相关技术指南，通过提升投资的规范和标准来减少对环境、气候变化和生物多样性的负面影响。在中国—东盟环境合作框架下，可以通过开展投资过程中环境影响技术标准等方面的对话交流与能力建设，推动中国—东盟区域高质量发展。
于 鑫 世界自然基金会
在《联合国气候变化框架公约》第二十六次缔约方大会领导人峰会期间，中国与东盟部分国家加入《关于森林和土地利用的格拉斯哥领导人宣言》，建议在中国—东盟环境合作框架下围绕森林与土地利用等倡议相关内容进一步开展交流与合作。《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》（RCEP）的签署对区域贸易结构以及产业链、价值链和环境保护都有不同程度影响，未来希望与中心进一步加强合作，做出更多亮点工作。
孙轶頲 保护国际基金会
保护国际基金会开展的项目中除了传统的生物多样性保护外，蓝碳和绿色金融也是重要的领域，与中心目前开展的工作契合度很高。未来与中心可围绕蓝碳、红树林保护试点与区域示范等方面开展密切合作。
宋 扬 乐施会
气候变化适应与节能减排同等重要，特别是极端天气对农村社区的影响较大。农民生存通常依赖于自然资源，对气候变化高度敏感，脆弱性高。未来希望与中心在气候适应与减贫等领域进一步开展合作。
黄 真 亚洲基金会
东盟人口和经济活动主要集中在沿海地区，受气候变化影响较大，近年来对气候适应领域比较关注。推动中国与东盟在气候适应领域交流，构建中国—东盟气候适应网络是良好的合作机遇，可以将双方气候适应转型中的案例研究作为切入点，进一步促进中国—东盟应对气候变化合作。
张君佐 中英合作国际林业投资与贸易项目办(InFIT)
InFIT项目在马来西亚、柬埔寨、老挝等东盟国家开展的项目与中国—东盟环境合作方向十分契合。碳中和作为区域贸易协定下的重要议题，涉及多行业和多路径，是相对复杂的环境与经济问题，可以围绕碳捕捉和碳吸收等，全方位推动区域碳交易市场发展。
康蔼黎 野生生物保护学会
由于在土地、劳动力市场等方面与男性存在明显差异，妇女脆弱性高于男性，因此在环境脆弱性地区需要更加重视对妇女和儿童的保护。企业作为环境与经济发展过程中重要的利益相关方，应发挥其积极作用。中国和东盟都面临城市气候适应转型，可以联合开展案例研究与能力建设，共同发起气候适应倡议，在全球环境治理中提升区域影响力。
李 霞 生态环境部对外合作与交流中心/中国—东盟环境保护合作中心
2022年中国—东盟合作延续可持续发展主题，为了丰富合作年成果，将举办中国—东盟气候高层对话等4场高层政策对话，聚焦应对气候变化、生物多样性保护及海洋塑料污染等全球及区域热点议题。推动基于自然解决方案：中国—东盟红树林保护合作伙伴关系、蓝碳国际金融创新平台、城市气候韧性与绿色低碳发展、生态城市友好伙伴关系-海洋减塑行动等旗舰项目实施和落地，积极响应COP27及塑料污染全球协定谈判，助力区域可持续发展。
On March 3, 2022, a symposium on climate and biodiversity cooperation under the China-ASEAN Regional Development Initiative (CRDI) was held in a combined online and offline format, hosted by the Foreign Cooperation and Exchange Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment/China-ASEAN Environmental Protection Cooperation Center (hereinafter referred to as the Center). Representatives from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the China Institute for International Studies (CIIS), the Foreign Affairs Institute (FAI) and other international organizations and relevant research institutions participated in the symposium. The meeting focused on climate change and mangrove conservation and sustainable use, climate resilient cities and low carbon development, regional marine plasticity reduction and other key topics under the framework of China-ASEAN environmental cooperation.
Relevant experts' views are summarized below.
Wang Xi, United Nations Environment Programme
In the process of China-ASEAN environmental cooperation, the Center has always maintained an open attitude and fully absorbed suggestions from all sides, which is highly appreciated. The priority areas of China-ASEAN cooperation are highly compatible with key global environmental issues and have achieved practical cooperation progress, which has contributed to the global and regional environmental governance process. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has been working on climate change issues in the Asia-Pacific region, such as low-carbon communities and nature-based solutions, and hopes to continue to work with the Centre to promote practical environmental cooperation under the China-ASEAN framework in the future.
Zhang Yan UNICEF
In 2021, UNICEF and the Center jointly conducted activities such as Youth Leadership and Asia-Africa Youth Dialogue during the China-ASEAN Environment Cooperation Forum, which provided a platform for youth voices. Addressing climate change as an important environmental issue in the China-ASEAN region, future projects can be designed with a focus on nature-based climate solutions, further promoting climate adaptation innovation networks and raising the awareness and capacity of children and youth through piloting climate smart schools and climate resilient communities in climate-vulnerable areas.
Liu Qing, China Institute of International Studies
China-ASEAN cooperation, a model of South-South cooperation, is elevated to a comprehensive strategic partnership in 2021, bringing new opportunities for China-ASEAN cooperation, while how to solidify the strategic relationship is the focus of future cooperation. Many countries around the world are also promoting the process of cooperation with ASEAN, such as the US Indo-Pacific strategy. The next step is to make full use of the existing environmental cooperation mechanism and the good cooperation foundation, and integrate more fields such as energy, economy and trade to promote China-ASEAN cooperation in an all-round and multi-level way to enhance global influence.
Guo Yanjun, Institute of Asian Studies, Institute of Foreign Affairs
In the context of the dual carbon target, ASEAN countries and China are facing similar economic development and environmental protection issues, bringing more possibilities for further cooperation. As an important platform for implementing the China-ASEAN comprehensive strategic partnership, China and ASEAN environmental cooperation needs to continue to deepen their practical cooperation in key areas such as addressing climate change, biodiversity conservation and marine plasticity reduction in the future.
Y. Korea Stockholm Environment Institute
The areas of environmental cooperation between China and ASEAN are highly compatible with global and regional priority environmental issues. The Stockholm Environment Institute has been supporting and will continue to work with the Center to promote a new phase of strategic cooperation under the framework of China-ASEAN environmental cooperation. Efforts to address climate change should take into account both regional and national practical objectives, implement locally tailored measures, and promote synergies between climate transition and biodiversity conservation and air quality improvement.
Miao Hong, World Resources Institute
There is a need to incorporate environmental, climate and biodiversity impacts into the investment framework during overseas investments in infrastructure, to quickly identify their impacts, and to develop relevant technical guidelines to reduce negative impacts on the environment, climate change and biodiversity by upgrading the norms and standards for investments. Under the framework of China-ASEAN environmental cooperation, dialogue, exchange and capacity building on technical standards for environmental impacts in the investment process can be carried out to promote high-quality development in the China-ASEAN region.
Yu Xin WWF
During the Leaders' Summit of the 26th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, China and some ASEAN countries joined the Glasgow Leaders' Declaration on Forests and Land Use, suggesting further exchanges and cooperation under the framework of China-ASEAN environmental cooperation around forest and land use and other initiatives related content. The signing of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) has had varying degrees of impact on the regional trade structure as well as the industrial chain, value chain and environmental protection, and we hope to further strengthen cooperation with the Center in the future to make more highlight work.
Ken Sun Yiken Foundation for Conservation International
In addition to the traditional biodiversity conservation, blue carbon and green finance are also important areas of Conservation International Foundation's projects, which fit well with the Center's current work. In the future, we can work closely with the Center on blue carbon, mangrove conservation pilot projects and regional demonstrations.
Song Yang Oxfam
Climate change adaptation is as important as energy saving and emission reduction, especially the impact of extreme weather on rural communities. Farmers, whose survival usually depends on natural resources, are highly sensitive to climate change and have high vulnerability. In the future, we hope to further cooperate with the Center in areas such as climate adaptation and poverty reduction.
Huang Zhen Asia Foundation
ASEAN, whose population and economic activities are mainly concentrated in coastal areas, is more affected by climate change and has paid more attention to the field of climate adaptation in recent years. Promoting exchanges between China and ASEAN in the field of climate adaptation and building a China-ASEAN climate adaptation network are good opportunities for cooperation, and case studies in climate adaptation transition on both sides can be used as entry points to further promote China-ASEAN cooperation in addressing climate change.
Junzo Zhang Sino-British Cooperation International Forestry Investment and Trade Project Office (InFIT)
InFIT projects in ASEAN countries such as Malaysia, Cambodia and Laos fit well with the direction of China-ASEAN environmental cooperation. As an important issue under regional trade agreements, carbon neutrality involves multiple industries and pathways, and is a relatively complex environmental and economic issue, which can promote the development of regional carbon trading market in all aspects, such as carbon capture and carbon sequestration.
Kang Aili Wildlife Conservation Society
Women are more vulnerable than men due to obvious differences in land and labor markets, and therefore more attention needs to be paid to the protection of women and children in environmentally vulnerable areas. Businesses should play an active role as an important stakeholder in the process of environmental and economic development. Both China and ASEAN are facing urban climate adaptation transition, and can jointly conduct case studies and capacity building, and jointly launch climate adaptation initiatives to enhance regional influence in global environmental governance.
Li Xia Foreign Cooperation and Exchange Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment/China-ASEAN Environmental Protection Cooperation Center
In 2022, China-ASEAN cooperation continues the theme of sustainable development. To enrich the outcome of the cooperation year, four high-level policy dialogues will be held, including the China-ASEAN High-Level Climate Dialogue, focusing on global and regional hot topics such as addressing climate change, biodiversity conservation and marine plastic pollution. It will also promote the implementation and implementation of flagship projects based on natural solutions: China-ASEAN Mangrove Conservation Partnership, Blue Carbon International Financial Innovation Platform, Urban Climate Resilience and Green Low Carbon Development, Eco-City Friendly Partnership - Ocean Plastic Reduction Initiative, and actively respond to COP27 and the negotiations of the Global Agreement on Plastic Pollution to help regional sustainable development.
