东盟地区论坛是东盟10个成员国与其17个对话伙伴的多边安全与对话合作平台。东盟地区论坛成立于1994年，最初有10个对话伙伴：澳大利亚、加拿大、中国、欧盟、日本、印度、韩国、新西兰、俄罗斯和美国。此后，孟加拉国、朝鲜、蒙古、巴基斯坦、巴布亚新几内亚、斯里兰卡和东帝汶七国加入东盟地区论坛，现有27个成员。论坛设在东盟架构中的政治安全共同体内，处理与安全有关的各种问题，同时将灾害管理和人道主义援助作为安全问题来考虑。东盟地区论坛的目标为:
东盟地区论坛参与到灾害管理的多方面工作，包括组织主办参加人数众多的演习活动，发布不具约束力的合作指导方针，以及赞助灾害响应定期会议。该论坛在灾害管理上的工作与东盟秘书处、东盟灾害管理委员会和东盟灾害管理人道主义援助协调中心这些东盟组织有部分重叠。东盟其他安全有关组织（如东盟国防部长扩大会议）与东盟地区论坛之间也存在类似的工作重叠。所有组织都承认存在摩擦点，会继续加强协调与合作。特别是，东盟地区论坛对国防安全问题的关注自然而然将军民协调问题也纳入其中。在27个成员中，大部分国家为灾害管理定期捐助，且能从更广泛的角度处理问题。然而，东盟地区论坛缺乏像《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》对东盟团体的约束力。
东盟地区论坛正在加强与其他东盟机构组织的协调和同步，例如，将其灾害管理工作计划与《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》相结合，在东盟地区论坛救灾演习中加入了东盟灾害管理人道主义援助协调中心和东盟紧急情况快速评估小组。
以下各节详细介绍与东盟地区论坛有关的重要文件、会议和活动。
东盟地区论坛对人道主义援助和救灾的指导
《东盟地区论坛人道主义援助和救灾战略指导》是东盟地区论坛的主要文件之一，旨在为参与人道主义援助和救灾行动的民事和军事行为主体提供高层指导。该指导为东盟地区论坛成员提供一个共同的参照点，加强成员间的合作和互通性，减少救灾延误。一个重要的注意事项是，与《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》不同，该指导不具有法律约束力，且内容上没有深入指导灾害管理中的恢复阶段。
东盟地区论坛年度会议推动战略指导的制定和落实。2006年7月，国防部长在其第12次会议上批准了《东盟地区论坛关于灾害管理和应急响应的声明》。该声明“确认了东盟地区论坛参与国就支持改进灾害响应合作与协调的承诺，同时确定了论坛成员就军民合作与协调程序达成共识的需要”。国防部长们承认现有东盟组织在灾害管理方面的重要作用。
2007年7月，中国代表起草了《东盟地区论坛救灾合作指导原则》，并于2007年8月在第14届东盟地区论坛部长级会议上获得通过。该指导原则“建立了东盟地区论坛参与国之间救灾合作的基本框架，以促进更加有效的合作，减少灾害频发造成的损失”。其四项基本原则如下：
平等互助：东盟地区论坛尊重受灾国主权；受灾国应确保及时、公平和透明地分配救济资源。
尊重受灾国决定：东盟地区论坛只有在受灾国同意的情况下才提供救济，所有活动都应支持受灾国政府的指导、协调和安排。
协议决策：受灾国和援助国愿意讨论和解决救灾行动中出现的分歧。
加强协调：认识到联合国的核心作用，特别是人道主义事务协调办公室在协调国际人道主义援助工作的作用，东盟地区论坛参与国将加强彼此之间以及与联合国和其他国际、区域和地方政府和非政府组织的人道主义救灾协调。
东盟地区论坛战略指导有七个部分:
战略指导需要；
灾害特点；
灾害救助；
协调与合作；
救灾后勤保障；
备灾；
训练。
东盟地区论坛救灾工作计划。东盟地区论坛救灾工作计划是一份旨在协调区域备灾培训的文件。第15届东盟地区论坛部长级会议要求东盟地区论坛闭会期间会议制定第一个工作计划。第一个工作计划时间为2009~2011年，于2009年7月在第16届东盟地区论坛部长级会议上获得通过。第二个工作计划时间为2012~2014年，由第11届东盟地区论坛救灾主题闭会期间会议起草。第二版工作计划涵盖与灾害管理周期早期阶段（风险评估、监测预警、快速部署和接受援助）以及救灾行动中的互通和协调。工作计划经历迭代，更好地与《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》同步行动。2012~2014年更新工作计划的主要目标是确保长期协调和全面规划，以便:
协助协调区域和（或）次区域有关备灾、减少风险和灾害响应的能力建设演习和培训；
获得和借鉴共同的经验教训，包括从联合演习中获得的经验教训；
保持和加强东盟地区论坛各国政府在能力建设、技术支持和信息交流方面的努力；
补充和协调现有的区域和国际倡议；
加强现有的政府间、区域和全球灾害管理网络。
东盟地区论坛救灾工作计划的一个突出特点是纳入了东盟灾害管理机制。与《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》类似，该计划依托于优先领域的落实，而每个优先领域都有国家牵头。根据该计划，每个优先领域由一个东盟成员国和一个非东盟国家共同领导，牵头国在规定的优先领域内管理相关项目。2012~2014年的优先领域包括:
东盟地区论坛救灾主题闭会期间会议。东盟地区论坛救灾主题闭会期间会议是东盟地区论坛每年讨论救灾有关事项的重要会议。首次会议于1996年召开，主题为搜索和救援，之后会议持续多年，直到2000年至2004年期间中断。而对2004年印度尼西亚地震和海啸的响应为重启会议提供了动力，会议的重点工作由搜救转变为灾害响应。
自2005年以来，东盟地区论坛救灾主题闭会期间会议每年都会召开。最初，救灾闭会期间会议与其他以灾害响应为重点的会议并行举行，如东盟灾害管理委员会年度会议、缔约方会议和东盟国防部长会议与人道主义援助和灾害响应专家工作组。近期，东盟地区论坛救灾主题闭会期间会议已向东盟其他主要组织的代表开放，加强协调与合作。
即使在过去几年中，救灾闭会期间会议的优先主题也各不相同。例如，2010年9月在泰国曼谷举行了第十届东盟地区论坛救灾主题闭会期间会议，会议强调东盟地区论坛需要加强灾害管理方面的合作，建议东盟地区论坛的工作计划与《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》更加协调一致。听取了关于救灾测绘服务的提议，将非东盟的东盟地区论坛成员作为观察员纳入东盟区域灾害应急演习中。此外，美国还提出了一项“模式配置”，其细节尚不清楚，但它可能是拟议的快速灾害响应的早期版本。与会者表示有兴趣利用这一“模式配置”帮助在东盟内部推进讨论《待命安排和标准行动程序》第六章处理军民协调的问题。
2012年4月在澳大利亚布里斯班举办了第11届东盟地区论坛救灾主题闭会期间会议，会议强调了从2011年东日本大地震中吸取的经验教训，以及使东盟地区论坛工作计划与《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》工作计划同步。值得注意的是，东盟秘书处的灾害管理和人道主义救援处介绍了《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》工作计划和东盟灾害管理人道主义援助协调中心的最新情况。东亚峰会还在会上简要介绍了快速灾害响应倡议，但尚未与《东盟灾害管理和应急响应协议》协调。美国第二次提议，“建立东盟地区论坛快速灾害响应，它是对东盟地区论坛使用境外军事和民防救灾资产模式配置的发展。美国指出，快速灾害响应无意成为一项多边协议，而是为潜在受灾国和援助国之间提供一套预先谈判和预先达成的双边协议，协议根据国家需要可调整。与会者表示欣赏这一提议，但认为之前使用的不具约束力的模式可能也适合本地区的需要。
2013年3月在印度尼西亚巴东举行了第12届东盟地区论坛救灾主题闭会期间会议。会议又一次聚焦大东盟共同体内的区域协调和协同。东盟灾害管理委员会、东盟国防部长会议人道主义援助和灾害响应专家工作组和东亚峰会都简要汇报了当下进行中的计划情况。与会者讨论了与救灾有关的重叠工作和多场灾害应急演习，表示如果东盟各框架之间可以达成一致并协调顺利，希望东盟灾害管理的行动节奏可以达成每年安排一次实地演习。会议上积极讨论了东盟内部灾害管理机制之间的摩擦。联合国人道主义事务协调办公室指出，东盟和现场行动协调中心需要同步。
2014年2月在中国成都举办了第13届东盟地区论坛救灾主题闭会期间会议。会议更多关注在技术领域的合作，包括灾害预警、地图、损失评估和物资储备。会上讨论了2015年救灾演习与紧急情况快速评估小组的规划，以及把东盟灾害管理人道主义援助协调中心纳入演习中的计划。东盟国防部长会议人道主义援助和灾害响应专家工作组代表简要介绍了2014~2016工作计划方案，进一步阐述如何持续消除多个组织之间的工作内容冲突。东盟秘书处跨部门合作处处长还介绍了建立联合工作组，促进东盟机构组织间的协同和合作，同时明确职权范围使东盟秘书长作为人道主义援助协调官的角色和作用正式化。
2015年3月，在日本东京举办了第14届东盟地区论坛救灾主题闭会期间会议。会议议程包括更新东盟地区论坛救灾工作计划、讨论《兵库行动框架》和快速救灾协议的最新情况，以及2015年东盟地区论坛救灾演习的最终规划。
东盟地区论坛救灾演习。东盟地区论坛救灾演习是两年一次的地区救灾演习，参与成员包括东盟10个成员国和17个对话伙伴。第一届东盟地区论坛救灾演习于2009年5月在菲律宾吕宋岛举行，由美国和菲律宾共同主办。此后，东盟地区论坛分别于2011年、2013年和2015年举办了三届救灾演习。
2010年2月，在东京举行的一次潜在演习共同赞助方会议上，开始筹划第二次演习。与会者同意，演习的目的是验证和改进《东盟地区论坛人道主义援助和救灾战略指导》以及其他相关的国际和区域文件。主办方将这次演习设想为一个多场地活动，包括从桌面活动到实地培训的演习。同年又举行了三次会议来确定演习的规模、范围和参与程度，其中两次会议涉及到现场演练和最终规划。2011年3月，第二届救灾演习在印度尼西亚万鸦老举行，由印度尼西亚和日本共同主持。东盟地区论坛27个成员国中有25个国家派代表参加，只有老挝和朝鲜没有参加。此外，东盟秘书处、东盟灾害管理人道主义援助协调中心、联合国人道主义事务协调办公室、联合国儿童基金会、世界粮食计划署、世界卫生组织和红十字会与红新月会国际联合会的代表也出席了会议。部署的设备设施包括船、直升机和飞机等。救灾演习由三个子演习组成，即桌面演习和实地训练演习和人道主义民事行动。桌面演习的场景设想为一场影响印度尼西亚北苏拉威西岛的地震和海啸，参与者需要排演初期响应和后期援助。实地训练演习使用了相同的场景，响应过程中涉及到城市搜救以及各种海陆空行动。其中，陆地行动包括模拟地震响应，海上行动包括运送病人和水，空中行动包括空投物资和运送伤员。共有3575名参与者完成了实地训练演习，其中绝大多数来自印度尼西亚。演习开始前三天，日本发生地震和海啸，对演习的进行造成很大影响，这导致日本、美国和韩国大幅减少了对救灾演习的参与。所有参与者都强调备灾的重要性，一致认为加强军民协调是最佳做法之一，应继续保持并发扬。
2013年5月，泰国和韩国在泰国碧武里府共同主办了第三届东盟地区论坛救灾演习。在这次演习中，东盟地区论坛27个成员国中有24个国家参加，蒙古、巴布亚新几内亚和朝鲜没有参加。与会的国际组织和非政府组织与以往一样。然而，参加的总人数减少了约三分之二，为1671人。桌面演习和实地训练演习再次成为演习活动的主要内容。参与者的演习场景包括建筑物倒塌、化学品泄漏、岩石崩塌和船舶失事等事件。所涉设施设备包括船舶、直升机和运输机等。奥地利、比利时、中国、日本、印度尼西亚、卢森堡、马来西亚、韩国、新加坡、泰国、美国、联合国人道主义事务协调办公室、红十字会与红新月会国际联合会和世界卫生组织各自贡献了其他类型的资产，如医疗、通信、警犬和搜索救援设备，用于实地训练演习。
救灾演习的指挥和协调针对多个国家的军民力量，其最终规划会议试图消除应急响应角色分工中的冲突。正如在第13届东盟地区论坛救灾主题闭会期间会议中，联合国人道主义事务协调办公室的有关领导表示，联合国灾害评估和协调小组、东盟灾害管理人道主义援助协调中心和东盟紧急情况快速评估小组在演习中相互合作，取得了很大进展，同时他还指出，区域范围内的演习有许多交叉和冲突，且还会持续发生。
2015年5月，中国和马来西亚在马来西亚吉打州举办了第四届东盟地区论坛救灾演习。演习场景包括一场登陆马来西亚的超级台风，其预计损失为台风袭击地区60%被淹没，1万人无家可归，1500人无法获得援助。此次演习的目标包括：
在多国救灾行动的背景下，加强东盟地区论坛参与者之间的信任和相互理解；
鼓励所有人道主义机构和组织成为组织有序的协调系统中的一部分，以提高应对未来任务的灾害响应能力；
在行动和战术层面提高由民间领导、军队支持的救灾行动和协调。
在行动层面，主办方演练《待命安排和标准行动程序》、多国海上搜救、大规模伤亡事件管理、领事协助和媒体管理等。
2015年东盟地区论坛救灾演习协调体系概念图
总体而言，救灾演习系列活动在演练灾害响应区域协调结构中非常成功。演习是该地区备灾的主要力量。然而，在开放资源中仍然存在信息空白，且没有实质性的行动后评论，现有准则的有效性也不够明确。例如，2011年救灾演习考验了东盟地区论坛的战略指导，但没有发布结果。此外，在不同系统中进行的演习，不会出现在任何已公布的指导性文件中。该区域今后的救灾进展可能取决于将这些演习的结果和结构正式化和规范化管理。
The ASEAN Regional Forum is a multilateral security, dialogue and cooperation platform for 10 ASEAN Member States and their 17 dialogue partners. Founded in 1994, the ASEAN Regional Forum initially had 10 dialogue partners: Australia, Canada, China, the European Union, Japan, India, South Korea, New Zealand, Russia and the United States. Since then, Bangladesh, North Korea, Mongolia, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka and Timor Leste have joined the ASEAN Regional Forum, with 27 members. The forum is located in the political security community in the ASEAN Framework to deal with various security related issues, while considering disaster management and humanitarian assistance as security issues. The objectives of the ARF are:
• promote constructive dialogue and consultation on political and security issues of common interest and concern;
• committed to confidence building and preventive diplomacy for the Asia Pacific region.
ARF is involved in many aspects of disaster management, including organizing and hosting exercises with a large number of participants, issuing non binding cooperation guidelines, and sponsoring regular disaster response meetings. The work of the Forum on disaster management overlaps with ASEAN organizations such as the ASEAN Secretariat, the ASEAN Disaster Management Committee and the ASEAN disaster management Humanitarian Assistance Coordination Center. Other ASEAN security related organizations Similar work overlaps exist between the ASEAN Regional Forum (such as the expanded meeting of ASEAN defense ministers). All organizations recognize that there are friction points and will continue to strengthen coordination and cooperation. In particular, the attention of the ASEAN Regional Forum to national defense and security issues naturally includes the issue of general and civil coordination. Among the 27 members, most countries regularly contribute to disaster management, And can deal with problems from a broader perspective. However, the ASEAN Regional Forum lacks the binding force on ASEAN groups like the ASEAN agreement on disaster management and emergency response.
The ARF is strengthening coordination and synchronization with other ASEAN institutions and organizations. For example, it has combined its disaster management work plan with the ASEAN disaster management and emergency response agreement, and joined the ASEAN disaster management Humanitarian Assistance Coordination Center and the ASEAN rapid emergency assessment team in the ARF disaster relief exercise.
The following sections detail important documents, meetings and activities related to the ASEAN Regional Forum.
ASEAN Regional Forum guidance on humanitarian assistance and disaster relief
The ARF strategic guidance on humanitarian assistance and disaster relief is one of the main documents of the ARF, which aims to provide high-level guidance for civil and military actors involved in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations. The guidance provides a common reference point for ARF members to strengthen cooperation and interoperability among members and reduce disaster relief delays. An important note is that, unlike the ASEAN agreement on disaster management and emergency response, the guidance is not legally binding and does not provide in-depth guidance on the recovery phase of disaster management.
The annual meeting of the ASEAN Regional Forum promotes the formulation and implementation of strategic guidance. In July 2006, the Minister of defense approved the ASEAN Regional Forum statement on disaster management and emergency response at his 12th meeting. The statement "confirmed the commitment of ASEAN Regional Forum participating countries to support the improvement of disaster response cooperation and coordination, and identified the need for forum members to reach consensus on military civilian cooperation and coordination procedures". The ministers of defence recognized the important role of existing ASEAN organizations in disaster management.
In July 2007, the representative of China drafted the guiding principles of ARF disaster relief cooperation, which was adopted at the 14th ARF ministerial meeting in August 2007. The guiding principle "establishes a basic framework for disaster relief cooperation among participating countries of the ASEAN Regional Forum, so as to promote more effective cooperation and reduce losses caused by frequent disasters". Its four basic principles are as follows:
Equality and mutual assistance: the ASEAN Regional Forum respects the sovereignty of the affected countries; Affected States should ensure that relief resources are allocated in a timely, fair and transparent manner.
Respect the decision of the affected country: the ARF will provide relief only with the consent of the affected country, and all activities should support the guidance, coordination and arrangement of the affected country's government.
Agreement decision-making: affected countries and donor countries are willing to discuss and resolve differences in disaster relief operations.
Strengthening coordination: recognizing the central role of the United Nations, in particular the role of the office for the coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in coordinating international humanitarian assistance, the participating countries of the ASEAN Regional Forum will strengthen humanitarian disaster relief coordination among themselves and with the United Nations and other international, regional and local governments and non-governmental organizations.
The ARF strategic guidance has seven parts:
• strategic guidance needs;
• disaster characteristics;
• disaster relief;
• coordination and cooperation;
• disaster relief logistics support;
• disaster preparedness;
• training.
ASEAN Regional Forum disaster relief work plan. The ARF disaster relief work plan is a document aimed at coordinating regional disaster preparedness training. The 15th ARF ministerial meeting requested the ARF intersessional meeting to formulate the first work plan. The first work plan is from 2009 to 2011 and was adopted at the 16th ASEAN Regional Forum Ministerial Meeting in July 2009. The second work plan is from 2012 to 2014 and was drafted by the 11th ASEAN Regional Forum intersessional meeting on disaster relief. The second edition of the work plan covers interoperability and coordination with the early stages of the disaster management cycle (risk assessment, monitoring and early warning, rapid deployment and receiving assistance) and in disaster relief operations. The work plan has undergone iterations to better integrate with the ASEAN disaster management and emergency response agreement Synchronous action. The main objective of the updated work plan for 2012-2014 is to ensure long-term coordination and comprehensive planning in order to:
• assist in coordinating regional and / or subregional capacity-building exercises and training on disaster preparedness, risk reduction and disaster response;
• gain and learn from common lessons, including lessons learned from joint exercises;
• maintain and strengthen the efforts of ASEAN Regional Forum governments in capacity-building, technical support and information exchange;
• complement and coordinate existing regional and international initiatives;
• strengthen existing intergovernmental, regional and global disaster management networks.
A prominent feature of the ARF disaster relief work plan is the inclusion of the ASEAN disaster management mechanism. Similar to the ASEAN agreement on disaster management and emergency response, the plan relies on the implementation of priority areas, each led by the country. According to the plan, each priority area is jointly led by an ASEAN member state and a non ASEAN country, and the lead country manages relevant projects within the specified priority areas. Priority areas for 2012-2014 include:
• promote networking and information sharing and enhance the capacity of ARF participants, especially in the areas of risk assessment, monitoring and early warning;
• promote international cooperation and assistance related to humanitarian assistance and disaster relief;
• promote interoperability and coordination related to humanitarian assistance and disaster relief.
ASEAN Regional Forum disaster relief exercise. The ARF disaster relief exercise is a biennial regional disaster relief exercise. The participating members include 10 ASEAN Member States and 17 dialogue partners. The first ARF disaster relief exercise was held in Luzon Island, the Philippines, in May 2009, CO sponsored by the United States and the Philippines. Since then, the ASEAN Regional Forum held three disaster relief exercises in 2011, 2013 and 2015.
In February 2010, planning for the second exercise began at a meeting of potential exercise co sponsors held in Tokyo. Participants agreed that the purpose of the exercise was to validate and improve the ASEAN Regional Forum strategic guidance on humanitarian assistance and disaster relief and other relevant international and regional documents. The organizers envisioned the exercise as a multi venue event, ranging from desktop activities to field training. In the same year, three more meetings were held to determine the scale, scope and participation of the exercise, two of which involved on-site exercise and final planning. In March 2011, the second disaster relief exercise was held in Manado, Indonesia, and co chaired by Indonesia and Japan. 25 of the 27 member countries of the ASEAN Regional Forum sent representatives to participate, but only Laos and North Korea did not participate. In addition, representatives of the ASEAN Secretariat, the ASEAN disaster management Humanitarian Assistance Coordination Centre, the United Nations Office for the coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the United Nations Children's fund, the world food programme, the World Health Organization and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent societies also attended the meeting. The deployed equipment and facilities include ships, helicopters and aircraft. The disaster relief exercise consists of three sub exercises, namely, desktop exercise, field training exercise and humanitarian civil action. The scenario of the desktop exercise is envisaged as an earthquake and tsunami affecting North Sulawesi island, Indonesia. Participants need to rehearse initial response and later assistance. The field training exercise used the same scenario, and the response process involved urban search and rescue and various sea, land and air operations. Among them, land operations include simulating earthquake response, sea operations include transporting patients and water, and air operations include Airdropping materials and transporting wounded. A total of 3575 participants completed field training exercises, most of them from Indonesia. Three days before the start of the exercise, an earthquake and tsunami occurred in Japan, which had a great impact on the exercise, resulting in a significant reduction in the participation of Japan, the United States and South Korea in the disaster relief exercise. All participants stressed the importance of disaster preparedness and agreed that strengthening civil military coordination was one of the best practices and should be maintained and carried forward.
In May 2013, Thailand and South Korea jointly hosted the third ASEAN Regional Forum disaster relief exercise in biburi Prefecture, Thailand. In this exercise, 24 of the 27 member countries of the ASEAN Regional Forum participated, while Mongolia, Papua New Guinea and North Korea did not participate. The participation of international organizations and non-governmental organizations was the same as in the past. However, the total number of participants decreased by about two thirds to 1671. Desktop exercises and field training exercises have once again become the main contents of exercise activities. Participants' drill scenarios include building collapse, chemical leakage, rock collapse and ship crash. The facilities and equipment involved include ships, helicopters and transport aircraft. Austria, Belgium, China, Japan, Indonesia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand, the United States, the United Nations Office for the coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the World Health Organization each contributed other types of assets, such as medical, communications, police dogs and search and rescue equipment, For field training exercises.
The command and coordination of disaster relief exercises are aimed at the military and civil forces of multiple countries, and its final planning meeting attempts to eliminate the conflict in the division of emergency response roles. As at the intersessional meeting of the 13th ASEAN Regional Forum on disaster relief, the relevant leaders of the United Nations Office for the coordination of Humanitarian Affairs said that the United Nations Disaster Assessment and coordination group, the ASEAN disaster management Humanitarian Assistance Coordination Center and the ASEAN rapid emergency assessment group cooperated with each other and made great progress in the exercise. At the same time, he also pointed out that, There are many intersections and conflicts in regional exercises, and they will continue to occur.
In May 2015, China and Malaysia held the fourth ASEAN Regional Forum disaster relief exercise in Kedah, Malaysia. The exercise scenario includes a super typhoon landing in Malaysia. Its estimated loss is that 60% of the typhoon hit areas are submerged, 10000 people are homeless and 1500 people are unable to get assistance. The objectives of this exercise include:
• strengthen trust and mutual understanding among participants of the ASEAN Regional Forum in the context of multinational disaster relief operations;
• encourage all humanitarian agencies and organizations to become part of an organized coordination system to improve disaster response capacity for future missions;
• improve civilian led, military supported disaster relief operations and coordination at the operational and tactical levels.
At the operational level, the organizers rehearsed standby arrangements and standard operating procedures, multinational maritime search and rescue, mass casualty incident management, consular assistance and media management.
Concept map of disaster relief exercise coordination system of ASEAN Regional Forum in 2015
Overall, the disaster relief exercise series was very successful in the exercise of the regional coordination structure for disaster response. The exercise is the main force for disaster preparedness in the region. However, there are still information gaps in open resources, and there are no substantive post action comments, and the effectiveness of the existing guidelines is not clear enough. For example, the 2011 disaster relief exercise tested the strategic guidance of the ASEAN Regional Forum, but the results were not released. In addition, exercises conducted in different systems will not appear in any published guidance documents. Future progress in disaster relief in the region may depend on the formalization and standardized management of the results and structures of these exercises.
